White pine mushroom has been known since antiquity and is now a favorite among mushroom pickers. Its name was influenced by a feature - even after drying and other processing, the flesh remains still white. Boron fungus more often than others can be found in forests before the onset of frost.
Description
The hat has an average diameter of 8–20 cm and a tuberous, wrinkled surface. While it has not yet reached large sizes, the hat has the shape of a semi-oval with white edges; as the fruit ripens, it acquires a brown or wine, red tint. The white tubular layer gradually turns into a yellow or even olive shade with clearly visible small pores. The pulp is fleshy white, darkens at the cut. Under the upper skin, the hat is pink or brown.
The leg of the pine forest is brown-red, but much lighter than the hat, 7–16 cm high. If you look closely at the leg, you can see a mesh pattern on it.
Important! No need to hesitate with the preparation of ceps, as they very quickly lose their beneficial qualities.
Similar species
Boron mushroom is similar to bile, which refers to inedible and other varieties of cep. Satanic belongs to similar inedible ones, which prefers to grow next to whites. Non-poisonous mushrooms with which you can confuse the white pine species are represented by other varieties of white. For example, a royal mushroom or a mushroom boletus
Can I eat a pine white mushroom
Boron mushroom is edible, in addition, its taste is saturated, and the aroma of mushroom is very pleasant. It can be used raw for salads, as well as in various dishes, for example, in soups and sauces. Dry fruit powder is used as a seasoning. Drying does not change the excellent color of the mushroom, but makes its aroma more saturated.
Distribution and collection time
This species of the genus Belykh can often be found near old pines, at the foot of fir trees, oaks and chestnuts. It will not be an exception to find it on soils on which a lot of moss sprouts. In Russia, it is distributed in almost all forests. Mushroom pickers are looking for young and medium-sized fruits, as the older they are, the more they are affected by pests, and their beneficial properties are reduced.
But in the fall it can be found at the foot of pine trees and at the edges of the whole groups.
The season for collecting pine forest is June-October. At the beginning of summer, it is not found in large quantities massively, mostly only single specimens.
False species and poisonous doubles
In the white fungus, there are doubles dangerous to human life, with which it is easy to confuse. You need to be careful when cutting crops, and to know how it differs.
- Boron mushroom has distinguishing features:
- His body consists of a fairly large hat and a massive leg.
- The surface of the cap is dry and smooth.
- The stalk is thickened in the middle or closer to the base, has a mesh pattern or fibrillation.
- The pulp is strong white or slightly yellow.
Satanic mushroom
Satanic mushroom can not be eaten in any form. It is especially poisonous raw - in a dosage of less than 1 g, it can cause severe food poisoning. To distinguish it from white, you need to know the features. The satanic hat can be flat or convex, gray or slightly greenish, in wet weather it becomes mucous.
Did you know? In 1961, a white mushroom with a record weight of 10 kg was found in Russia.
The pulp during breaking can become red or blue. Professional cooks still learned how to cook a satanic mushroom, soaking and boiling it for a long time. However, such experiments at home can end fatally.
Gall mushroom
The bile fungus is still popularly called false white or mustard due to the fact that its bitterness cannot be removed by any treatment. Gorchak by description is very similar to boron, but it can be distinguished by the main feature - at the place of the cut, it immediately acquires a dark brown hue. They are less susceptible to insects and other pests.
Also, in mustard, the net on the leg is strongly pronounced and has scales similar to a birch trunk. Cases of mustard poisoning are not very common and the symptoms can mask for a long time.
The main symptoms of bile fungal poisoning:
- Dizziness and weakness are noted within 24 hours of use.
- After a while, mainly 3-4 weeks, toxic substances begin to affect the liver.
Cultivation methods
Experts have proven that growing porcini mushrooms at home is possible. The cultivation process will have to be given enough time and effort, but the result will not be long in coming. First you need to collect and study the information how this can be done. There are two ways to grow this valuable species: using a mycelium or from fresh hats.
From mycelium
The first option for growing - from the mycelium, or, so-called, mycelium. To do this, you need to purchase a white pine mushroom mycelium in a store. In addition to mycelium, coniferous trees, moss, branches are required, and compost as a growth stimulator. Landing is carried out from May to September. The terrain is prepared for planting, the topsoil is removed with a shovel. A layer of compost is laid out on a cleared place, on it staggered mycelium.
Important! It is not advisable to plant more than one package of mycelium under one tree.
After, the mycelium is covered with a layer of removed soil and watered with water. For a good result, it is recommended to cover the landing site with straw. The crop should appear about a year after the mycelium is well established in a new place and can please the crop for at least four years.
From hats
The main difference from the method of growing from mycelium is another planting material. Hats for planting are taken from overripe fruits. They can be yellow in color and not scary if struck by insects. The growing process is similar to the first method. You also need to prepare the soil, distribute the hats, cover them and water them. In a year you can expect the first harvest.
Food quality
According to experts and mushroom pickers, it is white that has a rich mushroom taste and excellent aroma. It is used in dried, boiled and fried form. White mushroom is added to various dishes, and the powder from it is used as a seasoning.
Topical pickling and salting of pine. At the same time, they do not lose their color and aroma, the flesh remains as strong and saturated even after cooking. In food, it is customary to use specimens that are not overripe, and overgrown no longer carry important value.
Did you know? Doctors have proved that the porcini mushroom is a source of the hercidin alkaloid, which is used in the treatment of angina pectoris.
Application in traditional medicine
Boron mushroom has many useful properties. Of these, the most common are:
- anesthetic;
- anti-inflammatory;
- bactericidal effect.
The benefits of white in diseases of the cardiovascular system are noted. In traditional medicine, it is used to prevent heart attacks and strokes. The substances that make up its composition are able to thin the blood and cleanse it of cholesterol and toxins. The pulp is used externally as lotions for burns and for cosmetic purposes.
Dried specimens are mainly of medicinal value, but fresh ones are used to prepare infusions and extracts.
White pine mushroom has not only excellent taste, but also many useful properties. While in the forest, it is important to remember the main rule. If there is no certainty that the fungus is edible, then it is better to leave it in the forest.
